Friday, March 1, 2013

Hearing with the Eyes (Essay by Bob Racine)



High frequency hearing loss is affecting many more individuals in our civilization than it used to.  The increased decibels of sound to which people have been subjected in the past century, getting more raucous from generation to generation it seems, accounts for much of this development, or so we are told by the experts.  I have no ready statistics on the subject, but I do have a firsthand acquaintance with the phenomenon, being one of that multitude so afflicted. 

While growing up I was unaware of any deficiency in my auditory capacities – until one day in high school a class in which I was enrolled was required to take a hearing test that necessitated the use of earphones, be they ever so primitive in the early 1950s compared to what we have at our disposal today.  A series of words was spoken by a recorded voice, the first word the loudest and each subsequent word softer than the one before it, the readings gradually fading out until only the sharp ear of an animal could detect it.  We were not told how long the list of words was to be, only that we were to write down what we heard in a descending column on test sheets for as long as we were able to identify the word clearly enough to transcribe it to the paper. 

I had no trouble with the first six or seven words, but after that the speaker was off the page for me.  That I was only able to pick up what was being spoken for that short a stretch caused me no great concern while the testing was going on.  It was after the testing was over that I got to look at the listings other members of the class had made.  All of them were quite proficient in accurately writing down well over twenty or twenty-five.  I was a bit chagrined momentarily, but the pressure of other classes and courses of study soon deflected my attention away from matters of hearing acuity and I thought nothing more about the question for many years.  Looking back now I wonder why no faculty member ever approached me later about my poor performance.  That I never heard another investigative word is a mystery to me right until this very day.  To be sure my limited competence must have been apparent to those officials of the local school board who instituted this test and especially to those who conducted it and collected the findings.

It would be almost another two decades before it would become an issue for me again.  In the late 1960s I worked as a film critic and media consultant for a company that published a newsletter for international circulation.  My job took me to theaters to review current cinema, and I began to notice that I was missing words in the dialogue on screen, much of conversation between the characters sounding garbled and blurred, words that I knew others in the theater were picking up quite well.  I let the matter slide for a few years, assuming that the technological changes taking place in soundtrack recordings at that period of media buzz were such that I would need time to acclimate myself to them.  I of course had no trouble with foreign language movies; they had subtitles, which allowed me to hear with my eyes and not be dependent upon auditory stimulation.  But the problem with English language films continued and got worse. 

It was in the spring of 1971 that physicians at Johns Hopkins told me that I was suffering from a damaged inner ear.  They supposed that I had undergone some kind of blow to the head at some point in my early childhood, well before that high school administered hearing test.  Immediately I was 90% sure when that incident had occurred.  At the age of five I fell off a porch banister head first, and my head landed squarely on the concrete walk below.  I had a swelling for some time after that, but since I got no medical attention for it (except ice packs that my mother administered) and since the swelling bye and bye went down, neither I nor my parents thought any more about it.  I might have had a fractured skull, but in the absence of x-rays there was no way to tell and there is no way now to determine if that was in fact what developed from the accident.  The Johns Hopkins folks explained that when the inner ear, involved as it is with balance, is damaged, the hearing acuity can suffer, since balance and hearing are closely intertwined.  In my case a high frequency hearing loss was the apparent result. 

This was very unsettling news to me, since I had a job that required a lot of ear usage.  I knew at a certain level, though it took me a while to face it, that my movie reviewing days were numbered.  Tons of water have gone over the dam in these past fifty years since then, a time during which my attendance at theaters has dropped off considerably, as the hearing problem has predictably gotten worse.  I now rarely go.  In most cases the frustration of not being able to follow dialogue on the soundtrack has been too acute for me to derive any pleasure from any viewing.  Even those devices that many theaters now furnish to help the hearing impaired have not been enough to solve my problem, with my degree of impairment.  To this day I am lucky if I can grasp as much as 50% of what is being said, even with the use of that device.  This explains why you readers do not see me reviewing new movies until months after their date of theatrical release.  I have to wait for them to be released into DVD before I can fully absorb their content.  If it were not for the subtitles that can now be selected out of the menu on just about all the discs I would still be at a great loss.  You might say that DVD has brought about a Renaissance in my love affair with movies.  Now I can hear with my eyes in English language films just as I have always done with foreign films.   

But this essay is not essentially about me and my life story.  I want to say a few things about how you people of normal hearing can and should relate to those of us with severe impairment.  I want to leave you with a few do’s and don’t’s.   

First of all, when speaking with one of us, face the individual.  Let him/her see your lip movement.  That is not to say that many hard of hearing folk are trained to read lips, as many completely deaf people are.  I certainly am not.  But it helps if the lips are seen.  We have something visual to match with the ear’s experience, however poor that experience.  You are not likely to connect, if your head is turned away or your back is to the one with whom you are speaking.  Hearing impairment does not mean that the person is deaf.  We can hear you, but in most cases what we lack is not volume but clarity. 

Clarity!  Clarity!  Clarity! 

That is the most important word you will read in this essay.  Facing off in another direction can give your speech a muffled sound, one that is similar to the way you would be heard if you had your head in a bucket or if you were covering your mouth with a pillow.  And of course keep your hands away from your mouth so that the lips stay visible.  Give the handicapped individual the chance to hear you with the eyes.    

Secondly, do not shout to make yourself heard.  It is not necessary and may be unsettling to the impaired person.  As stated in the preceding paragraph, we need clarity, not volume.  Loudness does not improve the chances of a successful exchange.  Once my church installed a new sound system, and beforehand I was consulted as to where the amplifiers should be located for my maximum advantage.  Nobody understood me, when I replied that it did not matter where they were placed.  What was needed was a hearing loop system.  Amplifiers are always “off yonder somewhere,” never close enough to guarantee auditory efficiency.  They are like voices coming from somewhere across a crowded room.  Today that same church of mine has the kind of loop that only requires me to snap a button on my hearing aids and at once the voice over the system sounds as if it is talking directly into my ear.  The level of sound is unimportant.  The clarity of the words is of paramount importance.  Please do not shout.

Thirdly, talk slowly.  Some people have more naturally speedy voices than do others.  Locality can be a major factor.  In the Deep South, somewhere I have not been for a long while, I would probably have relatively little difficulty following what people say; in that region there is more drawling and broad expressiveness.  In the more northern or western states the natives tend to step on the gas much more.  That has been another factor that has made movie viewing without subtitles so nerve-rackingly hard for me.  Since the early 1960s dialogue has been much more life-like.  Even the best of performers with the best of sound engineering and editing give us slurring and mumbly speech in conversation more so than the performers of yore did.  Dialogue has become more colloquial.  As for pop singers, backed up by electronic instrumentation-  well, for the likes of me that is a lost cause.  And whispering is out of the question.  I have for many years been totally unable to access whispers, no matter how close the whispering tongue gets to my ear.  We live in a fast-talking culture, with even the most learned of televised personalities often rushing their words or failing to enunciate.  It behooves someone trying to speak with a hearing impaired person not to add to the problem by babbling and sputtering.  You may have to change your normal way of conversing to get the person to comprehend you.

All this advice is based upon the assumption that you really do wish to communicate.  So I suppose the fourth admonition is to examine your mind and heart, be in touch with how much this person means to you or how little.  Are you really committed to connecting with her or him?  Naturally, some individuals mean more to you than do others, and it depends upon what this impaired person is asking of you.  There are some conversations we all wish to avoid, even if hearing capacity is normal, some people we like more than others and feel closer to than others.  You are under no obligation to give a hearing impaired person a carte blanche amount of your time.  But be polite and clear with anyone with whom a conversation has started.   You do not have to let them bend your ear, if they are on a subject that you would rather not get into.   But let what you do choose to say be said slowly. 

Fifth and last for those who hear normally is a very big don’t.  Don’t – please don’t ever say to a hearing impaired person, “Oh, never mind!”  Those words are deadly to us.  If you have been struggling to make one of us understand something you have said and do not appear to be succeeding, do not be dismissive by saying words to the effect “Oh, never mind, it isn’t that important.”  If it is important enough for you to bring the matter up in the first place and speak about it, it is important enough to get it across.  Please be responsible for your own communication.  What you are probably saying is “You, not what I’ve been trying to say, are not important enough for me to waste any more breath on you.”  To speak thusly is to disparage the person being addressed.  We who have severe hearing losses suffer enough sense of alienation as it is; please refrain from adding to it.  And make no mistake about it, hearing loss is the most alienating of all afflictions.  Any behavioral expert and certainly any ear doctor or audiologist will tell you this.  Someone who is blind experiences much of it, but at least he or she can follow conversation.  They are not cut off.  The same goes for a paraplegic.  But when one’s capacity to receive words being spoken is hampered, it makes one feel shut out.  And you can say “Oh, never mind” without ever uttering the words.  A facial expression or a bit of body language can say it.  A gesture of dismissal is not hard to come by and it hurts just as much as the spoken words.

Yes, sometimes making us understand is all but impossible, due to any one of a number of factors.  But if you see you’re not getting across, ask someone nearby to try a hand at it.  Get help.  It may be the shape of your voice or your accent or a speech mannerism peculiar to your ethnic group or your locality.  Someone else’s voice may be more compatible with the handicapped hearer’s range.  But never be dismissive.      

It should be pointed out, of course, that not all hearing incapacities are the same.  Some are more severe than others.  Some require more sophisticated hearing assistance than others.  My hearing aids are the top of the line, and no, I will not tell you how much I paid for them.  It is true that much of these  passionate feelings about communication that I have been sharing are conditioned by the severity of my impairment.  I have family and friends who have the same type of loss that requires aids but can function far better than I can in situations in which I am completely wiped out.  Not all of us are the same, but I trust any hearing impaired individual whom you might encounter to make it clear and plain to you what she or he requires in order to hold a coherent conversation with you.
 
Finally, I have a “do” for the hearing impaired.  Yes, I am talking to us in the club now!  Do be patient with those who are trying hard to make you hear.  Do not show arrogance or exasperation – and don’t you be dismissive.  I have had moments in my long history when I wanted to say, “Oh, never mind!  Trying to understand you is not worth the effort.”   We have to bear in mind that the person with whom we are trying to converse did not create our hearing problem.  No one is to blame.  And I often have a hard time remembering that if I had not undergone that inner ear damage and all the aftereffects of it, I would have had just as hard a time comprehending why volume increase is not enough or why it does not matter where the amplifiers are placed.  So let us, my sisters and brothers, be patient with the hearing world around us.  Let us be responsible for getting clear as to what is being said, however much trouble we must go through.  Hearing loss may be alienating, but do not accept alienation without a fight.  And find a way to hear as much as you can with your eyes.


To read other entries in my blog, please consult its website:  enspiritus.blogspot.com

I welcome feedback.  Direct it to bobracine@verizon.net

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