Monday, June 18, 2012

Gilead & Home by Marilynne Robinson (Fiction Review)


Gilead & Home by Marilynne Robinson

Over the weeks it has taken me to read and devour them, I have grown quite fond of two works by a Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist named Marilynn Robinson.  They are concerned with life during the 1950s in a very small placid Iowa town (named Gilead) somewhat remote and sheltered from the busy world of social ferment and change going on hundreds of miles away.  But they are alive, ever so pleasingly alive, with characters so real and so commonplace and so wonderfully developed that it is difficult at times to believe that they are fictional creations.  Surely they must walk the path that many in small town America have traversed over the length of its days, and Robinson quietly celebrates their simple faith, struggle and frail heroism.    

The curious fact about these two sparely composed pieces – “Gilead” and “Home” (not to be confused with a novel having the exact same title recently published by Toni Morrison) – is their interrelation.  They both address the same human environment but from different points of view.  “Gilead” is not in the truest sense of the term a novel.  It is a journal containing scores of anecdotes.  A seventy-four-year-old Congregationalist pastor named John Ames is suffering from a terminal illness, with only weeks or months at most to live, and is spewing forth reams of secretive writing meant only to be read by Robby, his seven-year-old son, when he becomes a grown man.  Because of the boy’s late, late arrival in Ames’ life (this clergyman having lost his first wife by an untimely death and remarried) he will not experience his father in the flesh during most of his formative years.  Ames is afraid he will not remember enough about the man who sired him or the family background the two of them share.  By this rambling posthumous correspondence he takes the boy-to-become-a-man-someday back as far as the Civil War, in which the boy’s great grandfather played a big part.  The anecdotes he lays out, covering all the years since, are for the most part quite curious, funny and filled with quirky happenings.   He does not preach to the boy or talk down to him; this minister is not a staunch evangelical trying to indoctrinate, rather more of a humanist in the language he uses and a great lover of life.  He even assures the boy in one place that he is not a saint, and his personality embodied in his profusion of words is anything but saintly.   He in fact opens up much more on paper to his son than he has ever been able to do face to face due to the vast age gap.  We are left hoping that Robby will someday read it and take it to heart.

A noticeable factor in Ames’ life and one he shares much about in his journaling is the family of a fellow clergyman, a Rev. Boughton, a staunch Presbyterian, a very dear friend from childhood and a fellow cleric, and Boughton’s somewhat prodigal son Jack with whom Ames has had an irksome acquaintance in years past and about whom Ames retains mixed feelings.  It seems Jack once brought scandal into his own family and the small town by his siring of an out-of-wedlock daughter whom he never publicly acknowledged to be his before she died within the first few years of her life – which brings me to the other book, “Home,” a novel, unlike “Gilead,” in every sense of the word and much more bitter sweet. 

“Home” takes us inside the Boughton family and traces the course of personal relations over the same time period.  In “Home” Ames is a supporting player, who only puts in three brief appearances in its pages, though he inadvertently catalyzes an emotional crisis in the Boughton household, one of which he is never told, at least not in the scope of either of these books.  (Robinson’s characters are rarely confrontational with each other.)  The narrative of “Home” is constructed not from the widowed Rev. Boughton’s point of view but from that of his thirty-eight-year-old unmarried daughter Glory, who has quit her teaching job in another locality and moved in with him, now that he is retired from the local pastorate and is, like Ames his neighbor, in failing health.  Glory literally takes the place of her deceased mother who was expected to be her husband’s caretaker.  She cooks and cleans for him and nurses him full time, anticipating his death, with plans to be gone after he is dead.  

Glory is the youngest of several children, too young to remember much about her older brother Jack, who left home after high school when Glory was still a child and has not been heard from for an entire twenty years.  As it so happens, Jack the prodigal returns to his father’s house early in the book, only to find Glory his kid sister, practically a stranger to him, running things.  The delicate ménage in which sister, brother and their father are forced to engage is the essence of the story and the source of this novel’s subtly provocative power and charm, with a little of the mysterious into the bargain.  At first Glory fears her brother, a very reclusive, emotionally timid, guilt-prone and inscrutable man who is stingy with information about what he has been doing for those twenty years.  She also gets drawn into the role of mother for both men and something of a mediator between their dissimilar, mutually wary souls and temperaments.  Jack does not get into heated fights with his father; he remains respectful though distant and tentative.  Fascinating things happen as the three of them abide with each other, nothing that would make headlines anywhere in the news world or provide heart-stopping entertainment but worthy of scrupulous examination by the minds and hearts of all devout and spiritual individuals.   Jack’s visit does have an impact upon the home, one the reader is likely to spend much time assaying long after the reading has been completed.

“Gilead” is written entirely in the vernacular of Rev. Ames, actually a very well educated man.  Ms. Robinson never stands apart from him or comments; she just lets him talk.  The novel “Home,” on the other hand, is the kind of writing that one cannot rush through.  The character portraits are too tightly woven and intricate for hurried reading.  I do not recommend taking it on a late plane flight when you wish to unwind with something diverting and relaxing.  It will not grab you and sweep you along.  Almost each and every paragraph is a work of literary art, scrupulously constructed and bristling with nuance, requiring clearheaded concentration.  Many times in my reading I felt the need to stop and go back and reread a passage, sensing that I had missed a shade or two of reflection, perhaps something cosmically important.  Those who prefer super thrillers and fast moving action or high drama will not relish it.          

Both books were published during the past decade – “Gilead” in 2004 and “Home” in 2008.  I strongly recommend that both be read and that “Gilead” be read first.  There are disclosures in it that will make material in “Home” much clearer in meaning when one comes to it.  Robinson’s prose in “Home” is nothing short of exquisite.  But why should I talk about it?  I am going to conclude this review by giving a few samples and letting them speak for themselves:

[In reference to the home environment during Glory’s childhood]  “Truth had sharp edges and hard corners, and could be at serious odds with kindness.” 

[Glory’s assessment of her religious heritage]  “For her, church was an airy white room with tall windows looking out on God’s good world, with God’s sunlight pouring in through those windows and falling across the pulpit where her father stood, straight and strong, parsing the broken heart of humankind and praising the loving heart of Christ.  That was church.”

[On the sad subject of Glory’s apparently assured spinsterhood]  “Glory had always thought home would be a house less cluttered and ungainly than this one [her father’s], in a town larger than Gilead, or a city, where someone would be her intimate friend and the father of her children. . .Then she could learn what her own tastes were, within the limits of their means, of
course. . .She had dreamed of a real home for herself and the babies
. . .different from this good and blessed and fustian and oppressive tabernacle of Boughton probity and kind intent.  She knew, she had known for years, that she would never open a door on that home, never cross that threshold, never scoop up a pretty child and set it on her hip and feel it lean into her breast and eye the world from her arms with the complacency of utter trust.”

[In reference to Boughton’s idea of devoutness]  “Her father had always said, God does not need our worship.  We worship to enlarge our sense of the holy, so that we can feel and know the presence of the Lord, who is with us always.” 

“The room was filled with those things that seem to exist so that children can be forbidden to touch them – porcelain windmills and pagodas and china dogs – and Robby’s eyes were bright with suppressed attraction to them.”

“How to announce the return of comfort and well-being except by cooking something fragrant – that is what her mother always did.  After any calamity of any significance she would fill the atmosphere of the house with the smell of cinnamon rolls or brownies, or with chicken and dumplings, and it would mean, This house has a soul that loves us all, no matter what. . .You can come down to dinner now, and no one will say a thing to bother you, unless you have forgotten to wash your hands.  And her father would offer the grace, inevitable with minor variations, thanking the Lord for all the wonderful faces he saw around the table.”


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